Indian Angiosperm diversity comprises 17,672 species with Tamil Nadu leading all states in the country, with 5640 species accounting for 1/3 of the total flora of India. Chennai Super Kings represent the city of Chennai in the Indian Premier League, a popular Twenty20 league. Since the state is entirely dependent on rains for recharging its water resources, monsoon failures lead to acute water scarcity and severe drought. [184][citation needed]. The term length of the government is five years. [99], India has a human development index calculated as 0.619, while the corresponding figure for Tamil Nadu is 0.736, placing it among the top states in the country. In 1916 Dr. T.M. Tamil Nadu is home to five declared national parks located in Anamalai, Mudumalai, Mukurithi, Gulf of Mannar, Guindy located in the centre of Chennai city and Vandalur located in South Chennai. Rare and unique plant life includes Combretum ovalifolium, ebony (Diospyros nilagrica), Habenaria rariflora (orchid), Alsophila, Impatiens elegans, Ranunculus reniformis, and royal fern.[72]. Historians have speculated these rulers were antagonistic towards the astika schools which were dominant in later centuries, which is why later texts always portray their rule in a bad light, if at all. The Mayor Radhakrishnan Stadium in Chennai hosts international hockey events and is regarded by the International Hockey Federation as one of the best in the world for its infrastructure.[231]. In accordance with the World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions (WGSRPD), this category is included within the larger region of India (region) in Category:Flora of India (region). South India has several rare plant and animal species which are in the verge of extinction. Prior to Indian independence, Tamil Nadu was under British colonial rule as part of the Madras Presidency. Tamil Nadu has a rich biodiversity right from the Gulf of Mannar to Western Ghats. 2. The economy of Tamil Nadu is the second-largest state economy in India with ₹18.45 trillion (US$260 billion) in gross domestic product with a per capita GDP of ₹218,000 (US$3,100). During this dig, some potsherds were uncovered with a script similar to Indus script, leading some to conclude it was a transition between the Indus Valley script and Tamil Brahmi script used in the Sangam period. It accounts for nearly one-third of the total flora of India. To protect this diversity of wildlife there are Protected areas of Tamil Nadu as well as biospheres which protect larger areas of natural habitat often include one or more national parks. Ltd", "Youth Welfare & Sports Development Department", "Sports development authority of Tamil Nadu, Chennai 600 084", "Great Living Chola Temples – UNESCO World Heritage Centre", The Official Site of the Government of Tamil Nadu, Official Tourism Site of Tamil Nadu, India, Autonomous administrative divisions of India, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tamil_Nadu&oldid=1006047260#Flora_and_fauna, States and territories established in 1950, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia pending changes protected pages, All Wikipedia articles written in Indian English, Pages using infobox settlement with possible motto list, Articles lacking reliable references from December 2016, Articles with unsourced statements from February 2019, Articles with unsourced statements from January 2020, Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata, Pages using Sister project links with default search, Articles with Encyclopædia Britannica links, Wikipedia articles with MusicBrainz area identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Another demand is that a new district with the taluka, The Federation of North Chennai People's Welfare associations urged to bifurcate, This page was last edited on 10 February 2021, at 19:17. Nair and Rao Bahadur Thygaraya Chetty released the Non-Brahmin Manifesto[66] and helped to form the Justice Party, an organization that sought to reduce Brahmin domination of the civil service. Cricket contests between local clubs, franchises and teams are popular in the state. [50] In 1639, the British, under the East India Company, established a settlement further south of Pulicat, in present-day Chennai. Chennai has a well-established suburban railway network and is constructing a Chennai Metro with phase1 operational since July 2015. [47] The Nayaks of Madurai and Nayaks of Thanjavur were the most prominent Nayaks of the 17th century. Failure of the summer monsoons and administrative shortcomings of the Ryotwari system resulted in two severe famines in the Madras Presidency, the Great Famine of 1876–78 and the Indian famine of 1896–97. The Cholas were prolific temple builders right from the times of the first medieval king Vijayalaya Chola. The Gulf of Mannar Biosphere Reserve established in 1986 is a marine ecosystem with seaweed seagrass communities, coral reefs, salt marshes, and mangrove forests. The Pandyas controlled the south, what is today southern Tamil Nadu. Preface. Our country has vast landscape rich in flora and fauna. Tamil Nadu is divided in to four major divisions as per the ancient Tamil kings namely Pallava Nadu division, Chera Nadu division, Chola Nadu division and Pandya Nadu division and the four divisions are further subdivided into 38 districts, which are listed below. Ennore Port handles all the coal and ore traffic in Tamil Nadu. [73] The present Governor, Chief Minister and the Chief Justice are Banwarilal Purohit,[74] Edappadi K. Palaniswami[75] and Sanjib Banerjee[76] respectively. The Justice Party which was under E. V. Ramasamy was renamed Dravidar Kazhagam in 1944. Note: Citations are based on reference standards. In 2008, Tamil Nadu was India's fifth biggest producer of rice. Although these dynasties were never conquered by outside powers, there were still significant diplomatic contacts between them and kingdoms to the north. Ms. Tamil Nadu is a land most known for its monumental ancient Hindu temples and classical form of dance Bharata Natyam. [105], As per the religious census of 2011, Tamil Nadu had 87.58% Hindus, 6.12% Christians, 5.86% Muslims, 0.12% Jains and 0.3% following other religions or no religion. The oldest Sangam work we have knowledge of is the Tolkappiyam, a book of Tamil grammar. Bharathiar University. He was once referred to by Time magazine as "The Mozart of Madras". Rajaraja Chola conquered all of peninsular South India and parts of Sri Lanka. Tamil Nadu is the home for Siddha system of medicine, one of the important branches of Indian system of medicine which focuses on the use of medicinal plants for treating various ailments. Stanford Libraries' official online search tool for books, media, journals, databases, government documents and more. Of these, the last two are mostly applied in poetry. The celebrated Nataraja temple at Chidambaram and the Ranganathaswamy Temple at Srirangam, Tiruchirappalli, held special significance for the Cholas which have been mentioned in their inscriptions as their tutelary deities. Ramachandran Central Railway Station, Tamil Nadu Tourism Development Corporation, List of countries where Tamil is an official language, List of dams and reservoirs in Tamil Nadu, "Tamil Nadu: K. Shanmugam appointed as new Tamil Nadu Chief Secretary", Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, "52nd report of the Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities in India (July 2014 to June 2015)", Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly history 2012, "The Living culture of the Tamils; The UNESCO Courier: a window open on the world", "AN EMPIRICAL INVESTIGATION INTO LOCAL PUBLIC OPINION ON SPECIAL ECONOMIC ZONES IN SELECTED DISTRICTS IN TAMIL NADU", "Science News : Archaeology – Anthropology : Sharp stones found in India signal surprisingly early toolmaking advances", "The Washington Post : Very old, very sophisticated tools found in India. Tamil Nadu lies in the southernmost part of the Indian subcontinent and is bordered by the union territory of Puducherry and the South Indian states of Kerala, Karnataka, and Andhra Pradesh. Convolvulaceae Description Herbs annual, twining or prostrate, with ± retrorsely or spreading hispid axial parts. of Environment edition, in English in the flora of the state. Literacy was widespread and epics such as the Cilappatikaram were written. The State is the successor to the old Madras Presidency, which covered the bulk of the southern peninsula in 1901. Tamil architecture reached its peak during Pallava rule. [150][151] Cable used to be the preferred mode of reaching homes controlled by government run operator Arasu Cable. This party implemented reservations in government jobs and education for non-Brahmins in 1926, and stayed in power for 13 years. The state has two distinct periods of rainfall: The annual rainfall of the state is about 945 mm (37.2 in) of which 48 per cent is through the northeast monsoon, and 32 per cent through the southwest monsoon. 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